Most common cervical spine complications

The most common complication following cervical spine surgery is an infection, according to the 2025 American Spine Registry, a product of a partnership between the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 

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The inaugural report reviewed procedures performed between 2015 and 2023, collecting data on 230,159 lumbar spine procedures, 112,683 cervical spine procedures and patient-reported outcome measures, according to a Feb. 20 news release.

Here are the eight most common cervical spine surgery complications and the share of incidents:

1. Infection: 59.1% 

2. Other: 15.9% 

3. Acute cardiac/pulmonary: 7.1% 

4. GI/Renal/Neuro: 6.9% 

5. Hematoma or wound complications: 5.5% 

6. Chronic cardiac/pulmonary: 3.7%

7. Postop/unspecified pain: 1.6%

8. Delirium: 0.2%

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