Study authors examined 89 elite professional soccer players and 92 control patients between the ages of 12 and 19 years old. They found a difference between the two groups as early as age 12, with cam-type deformity more common among the soccer players. In approximately 13 percent of the soccer players, evidence of the difference was first visible on radiographic images at age 13.
The soccer players also were more likely to experience anterosuperior flattening than the non-athletic group.
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